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Distillation relies on evaporation to separate the solids from the various, volatile elements present in a blend. A mixture of water and odoriferous plant material is heated.
The steam , carrying with it the odoriferous elements of the blend, escapes into the distillation column, where it is chilled and then collected in a florentine flask. After a period of decantation, the water separates from the odoriferous elements which are collected and named "essences".